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Wednesday, 13 August 2014
Ebola virus disease in nigeria
Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a disease that affects humans and primatescaused by the Ebola virus and three other closely related viruses in the genus (group of related viruses) ebolavirus. It is a hemorrhagic fever, meaning that victims may bleed inside the body or externally, and it has one of the highest case fatality rates (death rates) of any disease, killing between 50% and 90% of victims. Symptoms typically start eight to 10 days after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches Typically nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys. Hemorrhaging (bleeding) may also begin around this time. There is no specific treatment for the disease; efforts to help persons who are infected include giving either oral rehydration (slightly sweet and salty water to drink) or intravenous fluids to replace lost fluids oxygen if required, pain control, preventing other infections, and managing blood thickness and clotting (anticoagulants in the early stages and procoagulants later on).
The virus may be acquired upon contact with blood or bodily fluids of an infected animal (commonly monkeys or fruit bats).Spread through the air has not been documented in the natural environment. Fruit bats are believed to carry and spread the virus without being affected. Once human infection occurs, the disease may spread between people as well. Male survivors may be able to transmit the disease via semen for nearly two months. In order to make the diagnosis, typically other diseases with similar symptoms such as malaria, cholera, and other viral hemorrhagic fevers are first excluded. To confirm the diagnosis, blood samples are tested for viral antibodies, viral RNA, or the virus itself
Prevention includes decreasing the spread of disease from infected monkeys and pigs to humans. This may be done by checking such animals for infection and killing and properly disposing of the bodies if the disease is discovered. Properly cooking meat and wearing protective clothing when handling meat may also be helpful, as are wearing protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. Samples of bodily fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution.
EVD was first identified in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. From 1976 (when it was first identified) through 2013, fewer than 1,000 people per year have been infected. The largest outbreak to date is the ongoing 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which is affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria. As of August 2014, more than 1750 suspected cases have been reported.Efforts are ongoing to develop a vaccine; however, none yet exist
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